As an altered anti-EBV T cell reaction was suggested in MS, we queried peripheral blood T cell receptor β chain (TCRβ) repertoires of 1,395 MS patients, 887 controls, and 35 monozygotic, MS-discordant twin pairs for multimer-confirmed, viral antigen–specific TCRβ sequences. No other disclosures were reported.Įpstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection precedes multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology and cross-reactive antibodies might link EBV infection to CNS autoimmunity. Schwab reported grants from DFG, Biogen, and Roche during the conduct of the study. He reported grants by the DFG (CRC128 A69437) during the conduct of the study, and funding by German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), Deutsche Myasthenie Gesellschaft e.V., Alexion, Amicus Therapeutics Inc., Argenx, Biogen, CSL Behring, Roche, Genzyme, Merck, Novartis Pharma, Roche Pharma, and UCB Biopharma outside of the submitted work. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Fondazione Cariplo, Genzyme, Gossamer Bio, Idorsia, Immunic, Immunovant, Janssen, Lundbeck, Merck, Neurodiem, NexGen, Novartis, PSI CRO, Roche Pharma AG, Sanofi, Swiss Multiple Sclerosis Society TEVA, UCB Biopharma, WebMD Global, and Worldwide Clinical Trials outside the submitted work. Wiendl reported personal fees for Abbvie, Alexion, Argenx, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb/Celgene, EMD Serono, F. Liblau reported grants from GlaxoSmithKline, Foundation Bristol-Myers Squibb, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, the French MS Foundation, Cancer Research Institute, French Cancer Research Foundation, ERA-Net Narcomics, Recherche Hospitalo-Universitaire-BETPSY, and Roche personal fees from Novartis, Sanofi-Genzyme, Biogen, Merck-Serono, and Third Rock Ventures and other from Population Bio, Inc outside the submitted work. Lünemann reported personal fees from Abbvie, Alexion, Biogen, Novartis, Sanofi, and Takeda and grants from Argenx, Merck, and Roche outside the submitted work. Klotz reported personal fees from Alexion, Bayer, Biogen, Celgene, Sanofi, Horizon, Grifols, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche, Santhera, and Teva and grants from German Research Foundation, IZKF Münster, IMF Münster, Biogen, Immunic AG, Novartis, and Merck Serono outside the submitted work. Kerschensteiner reported grants from Sanofi and personal fees from Sanofi, Biogen, Merck, Teva, Novartis, and Roche outside the submitted work. Brassat reported being a current Hoffman-La Roche employee. Kaplan reported being an employee at Adaptive Biotechnologies during the time of this work.

Gross reported grants from DFG SFB/TR128 A09 during the conduct of the study grants from DFG (single grant GR3946-3/1), IZKF (grant Kl13_010_19), Horizon2020 ReSToRe, Biogen, Roche, and Novartis Pharma personal fees from MyLan and DIU Dresden International University GmbH and other from Biogen, Euroimmun, MyLan, and Novartis Pharma outside the submitted work. Kümpfel reported personal fees from Novartis Pharma, Roche Pharma, Alexion/AstraZeneca, and Biogen for advisory boards/speaker honoraria outside the submitted work. Hoffmann-LaRoche outside the submitted work and is a full-time employee of F. Raposo reported being an employee and shareholder of F. Rubelt reported a patent to US10731212B2 issued and a patent to immunoPETE related pending and is an employee of Roche Diagnostics and receives salary, stock, and options as part of his employment compensation.

Gittelman reported personal fees from Adaptive Biotechnologies during the conduct of the study.

Immune repertoire notation